Novel 1-substituted indazole derivative

ABSTRACT

A medicament for treating diseases associated with cholinergic properties in the central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases associated with smooth muscle contraction, endocrine disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and the like, which comprises a compound of Formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein A is CR 1E  or a nitrogen atom, X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR 3A R 3B  and the like, R 1A  to R 1E  are each independently a hydrogen atom and the like, R 2A  to R 2D  are each independently a hydrogen atom and the like, R 3A  and R 3B  are each independently an optionally-substituted C 3-10  cycloalkyl and the like, and n is 1 or 2
 
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which exhibits potent modulatory-effects on the activity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR).

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a novel indazole derivative which is a modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). On the basis of such pharmacological properties, the present compound can be useful for treating, for example, diseases related to cholinergic properties in the central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases associated with smooth muscle contraction, endocrine disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, diseases such as inflammation and pain, and diseases associated with withdrawal symptoms caused by addictive drug abuse.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Recently, potential neuroprotective-effects of nicotine have been shown, and meanwhile various neurodegenerative-models in animals and cultured cells suffering from excitotoxic injury, athrepsia, ischemia, injury, neuronal cell death induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) or neurodegeneration induced by protein aggregation have been proposed. In many cases where nicotine shows neuroprotective effects, it has been found that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing alpha7 subtype are activated. These findings suggest that nicotine is useful in providing neuroprotective effects, and indicate that receptors containing α7-subtype are directly related with the effects. These data suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is typically a suitable molecular-target for neuroprotection. In other words, the neuroprotection may be accomplished by developing an active agonist/positive modulator (i.e. positive allosteric modulator: PAM) of the receptor. In fact, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist has already been identified, and is expected to provide a possible clue to the development of neuroprotective drugs. In addition, it has recently been reported that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is also involved in inflammation. Thus, the development of a novel modulator of the receptor is expected to lead to a novel treatment for nervous system diseases, psychiatric diseases and inflammatory diseases.

In the past, there were some disclosures about modulators of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), but the chemical structures thereof are different from that of the present compound (see, Patent Reference 1 and Patent Reference 2).

PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS Patent References

-   [Patent Reference 1] WO 2003/093250 -   [Patent Reference 2] WO 2006/138510

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem

A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel compound which has potent modulatory-effects on the activity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), and can be useful as a novel medicament for treating and/or preventing nervous system diseases, psychiatric diseases and inflammatory diseases.

In addition, WO 2012/133509 and WO 2012/176763 are applications related to the present application, which have already been published. The compounds therein have similar but different structures from that of the present compound. However, the priority date of the present application is earlier than the published dates of the related applications, and thus they are not prior art documents for the present application.

Solution to Problem

The present inventors have extensively studied to solve the above problem and then have found that a novel compound of the following Formula (I) exhibits potent modulatory-effects on the activity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). On the basis of the new findings, the present invention has been completed. The present invention provides a 1-substituted indazole derivative of the following Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (hereinafter, optionally referred to as “the present compound”). In specific, the present invention is as follows:

Term 1. A compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein

A is CR^(1E) or a nitrogen atom,

X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B), N—CO—R⁴, CR^(2E)—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B), CR^(2E)—NR⁵—COR⁴ or CR^(2E)—NR⁵—CONR^(3A)R^(3B),

R^(1A) is a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy, a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —NR⁶R⁷, —CONR⁶R⁷ and —NR⁶COR⁷; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle (wherein the cycloalkyl and the saturated heterocycle may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁶R⁷); a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy, —NR⁶R⁷, —CONR⁶R⁷ and —NR⁶COR⁷; a hydrogen atom; a halogen; —NR⁶R⁷; a cyano group; —CONR⁶R⁷; —NR⁶COR⁷; or —SO₂R⁶, provided that both R⁶ and R⁷ are not a hydrogen atom,

R^(1B) to R^(1E) are each independently a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy, a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, —NR^(6′)R^(7′), —CONR^(6′)R^(7′) and —NR^(6′)COR^(7′); a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle (wherein the cycloalkyl and the saturated heterocycle may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy, —NR^(6′)R^(7′), —CONR^(6′)R^(7′) and —NR^(6′)COR^(7′)); a C₁₋₆alkoxy or a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkoxy (wherein the alkoxy and the cycloalkoxy may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy, —CONR^(6′)R^(7′) and —NR^(6′)COR^(7′)); a hydrogen atom; a hydroxy group; a halogen; an aryl or a heteroaryl (wherein the aryl and the heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy, —NR^(6′)R^(7′), —CONR^(6′)R^(7′) and —NR^(6′)COR^(7′)); —NR^(6′)R^(7′); a cyano group; —CONR^(6′)R^(7′); —NR^(6′)COR^(7′); or —SO₂R^(6′), provided that both R^(6′) and R^(7′) are not a hydrogen atom,

R^(2A) to R^(2E) are each independently a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁸R⁹; a hydrogen atom; a halogen; a hydroxy group; or a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, or when two of R^(2A) to R^(2E) are a C₁₋₆ alkyl, they may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered saturated carbocyclic ring (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁸R⁹),

R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are each independently a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, a monocyclic heteroaryl, a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, and —NR¹⁰R¹¹; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; a phenyl group; a monocyclic heteroaryl; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl, the saturated heterocycle, the phenyl and the monocyclic heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR¹⁰R¹¹), a halogen, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR¹⁰R¹¹), a C₁₋₆alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl-C₁₋₆ alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and a fluorine atom), a C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl and —NR¹⁰R¹¹, provided that (1) R^(3A) and R^(3B) may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR¹⁰R¹¹), (2) both R^(3A) and R^(3B) are not a hydrogen atom, and (3) R⁴ is not a hydrogen atom,

R⁵ to R¹¹, R^(6′) and R^(7′) are the same or different (each symbol is also the same or different when each symbol exists plurally) and are a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, provided that in each combination of R⁶-R⁷, R^(6′)-R^(7′), R⁸-R⁹, and R¹⁰-R¹¹, (1) when one is a hydrogen atom, the other one is not a hydrogen atom, and (2) each combination may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁶R⁷), and

n is 1 or 2.

Term 2. A compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein

A is CR^(1E) or a nitrogen atom,

X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B), N—CO—R⁴, CR^(2E)—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B), CR^(2E)—NR⁵—COR⁴ or CR^(2E)—NR⁵—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B),

R^(1A) is a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy, a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —NR⁶R⁷, —CONR⁶R⁷, and —NR⁶COR⁷; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁶R⁷; a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy, —NR⁶R⁷, —CONR⁶R⁷, and —NR⁶COR⁷; a hydrogen atom; a halogen; —NR⁶R⁷; a cyano group; —CONR⁶R⁷; —NR⁶COR⁷; or —SO₂R⁶, provided that both R⁶ and R⁷ are not a hydrogen atom,

R^(1B) to R^(1E) are each independently a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy, a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, —NR⁶R⁷, —CONR⁶R⁷ and —NR⁶COR⁷; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy, —NR⁶R⁷, —CONR⁶R⁷ and —NR⁶COR⁷; a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy, —CONR⁶R⁷ and —NR⁶COR⁷; a hydrogen atom; a hydroxy group; a halogen; an aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, a C₁₋₆alkoxy, —NR⁶R⁷, —CONR⁶R⁷ and —NR⁶COR⁷; —NR⁶R⁷; a cyano group; —CONR⁶R⁷; —NR⁶COR⁷; or —SO₂R⁶ provided that both R⁶ and R⁷ are not a hydrogen atom,

R^(2A) to R^(2E) are each independently a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁸R⁹; a hydrogen atom; a halogen; a hydroxy group; or a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, or when two of R^(2A) to R^(2E) are a C₁₋₆ alkyl, they may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered saturated carbocyclic ring (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy and —NR⁶R⁷),

R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are each independently a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, a monocyclic heteroaryl, a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms and —NR¹⁰R¹¹; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; a phenyl group; a monocyclic heteroaryl; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl, the saturated heterocycle, the phenyl and the monocyclic heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR¹⁰R¹¹), a C₁₋₆ alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms and C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, a C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl and —NR¹⁰R¹¹, provided that (1) R^(3A) and R^(3B) may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁶R⁷), (2) both R^(3A) and R^(3B) are not a hydrogen atom, and (3) R⁴ is not a hydrogen atom,

R⁵ to R¹¹ are the same or different (each symbol is also the same or different when each symbol exists plurally) and a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, provided that in each combination of R⁶-R⁷, R⁸-R⁹, and R¹⁰-R¹¹, (1) when one is a hydrogen atom, the other one is not a hydrogen atom, and (2) each combination may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR⁶R⁷), and

n is 1 or 2.

Term 3. The compound of Term 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B), N—CO—R⁴ or CR^(2E)—NR⁵—COR⁴.

Term 4. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein n is 1. Term 5. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein either R^(3A) or R^(3B) is a hydrogen atom. Term 6. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R^(2A) to R^(2E) are each independently a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a hydrogen atom; or a fluorine atom. Term 7. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are each independently a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms and —NR¹⁰R¹¹; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; a nitrogen-containing monocyclic heteroaryl; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl, the saturated heterocycle and the nitrogen-containing monocyclic heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR¹⁰R¹¹), a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl or 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, and —NR¹⁰R¹¹, provided that (1) R^(3A) and R^(3B) may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycle (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl, a C₁₋₆alkoxy and —NR¹⁰R¹¹), (2) both R^(3A) and R^(3B) are not a hydrogen atom, and (3) R⁴ is not a hydrogen atom. Term 8. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 7 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R^(1A) to R^(1E) are each independently a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, a hydroxy group and a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a C₃₋₈cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl and a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group and a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a hydrogen atom; a halogen; or a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle optionally substituted with a C₁₋₆alkyl. Term 9. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B) or CR^(2E)—NR⁵—COR⁴. Term 10. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein A is CR^(1E). Term 11. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are each independently a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl and the saturated heterocycle may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆alkoxy) and a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, provided that (1) both R^(3A) and R^(3B) are not a hydrogen atom, and (2) R⁴ is not a hydrogen atom. Term 12. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 11 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R^(1A) to R^(1E) are each independently a C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy; a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkyl and a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy; a hydrogen atom; or a halogen. Term 13. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B). Term 14. The compound of Term 1 selected from the following compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

-   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 1), -   4-(3-ethoxy-5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 2), -   (4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)     (4-(5-ethoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methanone (Example 3), -   N-(cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexyl)-4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxamide     (Example 4), -   1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-3-(cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexyl)urea     (Example 5), -   cis-N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide     (Example 6), -   N-cyclohexyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 8), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 13), -   4-(5-propyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 15), -   4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 16), -   N-cyclohexyl-4-(5-ethoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 18), -   4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 22), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-ethoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 27), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 28), -   4-(5-chloro-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-cyclopentylpiperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 33), -   4-(5-chloro-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 34), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(3-(methoxymethyl)-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 36), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-methoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 41), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(3-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 42), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 45), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-isopropoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 46), -   N-cyclohexyl-4-(5-isopropoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 48), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 52), -   4-(5-ethyl-3-isopropoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 63), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(4-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 64), -   4-(4-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 66), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 70), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 74), -   (R)—N-(2,2-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 78), -   (S)—N-(2,2-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 79), -   (S)—N-(2,2-difluorocyclopentyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 80), -   (R)—N-(2,2-difluorocyclopentyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 81), -   N-(trans-4-ethoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 90), and -   (4-(5-isobutyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)     (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methanone (Example 103).     Term 15. The compound of Term 1 selected from the following     compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: -   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 1), -   (4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)     (4-(5-ethoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methanone (Example 3), -   N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 13), -   4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 16), -   4-(5-ethyl-3-isopropoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 63), -   4-(4-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 66), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 74), and -   N-(trans-4-ethoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 90).     Term 16. The compound of Term 1 selected from the following     compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: -   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-[5-(²H₃)methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 144), -   4-(4-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 145), -   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 163), -   N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 178), -   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 219), -   N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 226), -   N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 227), -   4-[5-(cyclopropoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 230), -   4-[5-(cyclopropoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]-N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 249), -   4-(5-ethyl-4-methoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 255), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 283), -   4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 295), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 296), -   N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 300), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-[(1S,3S)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 211), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-4-methoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 263), -   4-(4-ethoxy-5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 272), -   4-(5-ethyl-4-methoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 275), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 277), -   4-[5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 291), and -   N-cyclobutyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 298).     Term 17. The compound of Term 1 selected from the following     compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: -   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 1), -   4-(5-ethyl-3-isopropoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 63), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 74), -   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-[5-(²H₃)methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 144), -   4-(4-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 145), -   N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 163), -   N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 178), -   N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 226), -   N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 227), -   4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 295), -   4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 296), and -   N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 300).     Term 18. The compound of Term 1 which is     N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.     Term 19. The compound of Term 1 which is     4-(5-ethyl-3-isopropoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 63), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof     Term 20. The compound of Term 1 which is     N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-[5-(²H₃)methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 144), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.     Term 21. The compound of Term 1 which is     N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 227), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.     Term 22. The compound of Term 1 which is     4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-{trans-4-[(²H₃)methoxy]cyclohexyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide     (Example 295), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.     Term 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any     one of Terms 1 to 22 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.     Term 24. A medicament for treating a disease related to     acetylcholine comprising the compound of any one of Terms 1 to 22 or     a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.     Term 25. The medicament of Term 24 wherein the disease related to     acetylcholine is a nervous system disease, psychiatric disease or     inflammatory disease.     Term 26. The medicament of Term 25 wherein the nervous system     disease, the psychiatric disease or the inflammatory disease is     dementia, schizophrenia, CIAS (cognitive impairment associated with     schizophrenia), Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, attention     deficit disorder or cerebral angiopathy.     Term 27. A method for treating or preventing a nervous system     disease, psychiatric disease or inflammatory disease which comprises     administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of     any one of Terms 1 to 22 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt     thereof to a patient in need thereof.     Term 28. A combination drug comprising the compound of any one of     Terms 1 to 22 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at     least one drug selected from drugs classified as atypical     antipsychotic drugs.     Term 29. A method for treating a disease due to an abnormality of     the intracellular signaling mediated by acetylcholine which     comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of the     compound of any one of Terms 1 to 22 or a pharmaceutically     acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.     Term 30. The compound of any one of Terms 1 to 22 or a     pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of     a disease due to an abnormality of the intracellular signaling     mediated by acetylcholine.     Term 31. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any     one of Terms 1 to 22 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof     for use in the treatment of a disease due to an abnormality of the     intracellular signaling mediated by acetylcholine.     Term 32. Use of the compound of any one of Terms 1 to 22 or a     pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a     medicament to treat a disease due to an abnormality of the     intracellular signaling mediated by acetylcholine.

Effects of Invention

The present compound is useful as a novel medicament for treating and/or preventing nervous system diseases, psychiatric diseases, and inflammatory diseases such as dementia, schizophrenia, CIAS (cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia), Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, attention deficit disorder and cerebrovascular disorder. Furthermore, the present compound in combination with a drug classified as atypical antipsychotic drugs is useful for treating and/or preventing nervous system diseases and psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present compound may exist in a form of hydrates and/or solvates, and thus such hydrates and/or solvates are also included in the present compound.

The compound of Formula (I) may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, or may have a geometrical isomerism or an axial chirality; thus the compound may exist as several stereoisomers. Such stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, and racemates are also included in the present compound of Formula (I).

The compound of Formula (I) wherein one or more of ¹H are substituted with ²H(D) (i.e. deuterated form) is also included in the present compound of Formula (I).

The compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be obtained in a form of crystal which may show polymorphism, thus such crystalline polymorphism is also included in the present invention.

The terms used herein are explained hereinafter.

The term “alkyl” as used herein refers to a straight or branched saturated hydrocarbon group. For example, the terms “C₁₋₄ alkyl”, “C₁₋₆ alkyl” and “C₁₋₁₀ alkyl” refer to an alkyl with 1 to 4, 1 to 6 and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, respectively. In specific, “C₁₋₄ alkyl” includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl. In addition to said groups, “C₁₋₆ alkyl” includes, for example, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, and hexyl. In addition to said groups, “C₁₋₁₀ alkyl” includes, for example, heptyl and octyl.

The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon including those which have a partially-cross-linked structure or form a fused ring with an aryl or heteroaryl. For example, “C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl” refers to a cyclic alkyl with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and adamantyl.

The term “alkoxy” as used herein refers to a straight or branched saturated hydrocarbon group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. For example, “C₁₋₆ alkoxy” refers to an alkoxy with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butyloxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, and hexyloxy.

The term “cycloalkoxy” as used herein refers to the above-defined “cycloalkyl” which is attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl” as used herein includes, for example, acetyl, ethylcarbonyl, propylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl, butylcarbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl, and t-butylcarbonyl; preferably “C₁₋₃ alkylcarbonyl”; and more preferably acetyl.

The term “halogen” as used herein refers to a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom; and preferably a fluorine or chlorine atom.

The term “aryl” as used herein includes, for example, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, and anthracenyl; and preferably phenyl.

The term “heteroaryl” as used herein includes a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group, a 8- to 11-membered bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic group, and a 12- to 16-membered tricyclic aromatic heterocyclic group which comprise 1 to 4 atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms. The heteroaryl includes, for example, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolidinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, chromenyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thioxanthenyl, and 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[B,E]thiepinyl; and preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, quinolyl, and isoquinolyl.

The term “monocyclic heteroaryl” as used herein includes a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group which comprises 1 to 4 atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms. The monocyclic heteroaryl includes, for example, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolidinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, and tetrazolyl; preferably a nitrogen-containing monocyclic heteroaryl, for example, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl.

The term “4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle” as used herein refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocycle comprising 4 to 10 ring atoms which include 1 to 2 atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms. The 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle also includes those which have a partially-cross-linked structure, those which are partially spirocyclized, those which are partially unsaturated, and those which form a fused ring with an aryl or heteroaryl. The 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle includes, for example, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, homopiperidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran.

Among the present compounds represented by Formula (I), A, X—Y—Z, R^(1A) to R^(1E), R^(2A) to R^(2E), R^(3A), R^(3B), R⁴ to R¹¹, R^(6′), R^(7′) and n are preferably those shown below, but the technical scope of the present invention should not be limited to the following compounds. In addition, the phrase “R⁴ to R¹¹” means R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹, and other similar phrases mean likewise.

A is preferably CR^(1E) or a nitrogen atom, and more preferably CR^(1E).

X—Y—Z is preferably N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B), N—CO—R⁴, CR^(2E)—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B) or CR^(2E)—NR⁵—COR⁴, more preferably N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B) or CR^(2E)—NR⁵—COR⁴, and even more preferably N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B).

R^(1A) to R^(1E) are preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group and a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a C₃₋₈cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl and a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group and a C₁₋₆alkoxy; a hydrogen atom; a halogen; or a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle optionally substituted with a C₁₋₆alkyl. R^(1A) to R^(1E) are more preferably a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy; a C₃₋₈cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkyl and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy; a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; a hydrogen atom; or a halogen. R^(1A) to R^(1E) are even more preferably a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy; a C₁₋₆ alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; a hydrogen atom; or a halogen. R^(1A) to R^(1E) are the most preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; or a hydrogen atom.

R^(2A) to R^(2E) are preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; a C₁₋₆ alkoxy; a hydrogen atom; or a fluorine atom. R^(2A) to R^(2E) are more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, even more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl or a hydrogen atom, and the most preferably a hydrogen atom.

R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are preferably a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, and —NR¹⁰R¹¹; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; a nitrogen-containing monocyclic heteroaryl; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl, the saturated heterocycle and the nitrogen-containing monocyclic heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₆alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy and —NR¹⁰R¹¹), a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms and —NR¹⁰R¹¹, provided that (1) R^(3A) and R^(3B) may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycle (which may be optionally substituted with the substituents of the above-mentioned saturated heterocycle), (2) both R^(3A) and R^(3B) are not a hydrogen atom, and (3) R⁴ is not a hydrogen atom.

R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are more preferably, a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl and the saturated heterocycle may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy) and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms.

R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are even more preferably a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl and the saturated heterocycle may be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkyl and a C₁₋₆alkoxy.

R^(3A), R^(3B) and R⁴ are the most preferably a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl; a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle; or a hydrogen atom, wherein the cycloalkyl and the saturated heterocycle may be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₆alkyl and a C₁₋₆alkoxy.

Furthermore, in another embodiment, either R^(3A) or R^(3B) is a hydrogen atom.

R⁵ to R¹¹, R^(6′) and R^(7′) are the same or different (each symbol is also the same or different when each symbol exists plurally) and are preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆alkyl, and even more preferably a C₁₋₆alkyl, provided that in each combination of R⁶-R⁷, R^(6′)-R^(7′), R⁸-R⁹, and R¹⁰-R¹, (1) when one is a hydrogen atom, the other one is not a hydrogen atom, and (2) each combination may be taken together to form a 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocycle.

n is 1 or 2, and preferably 1.

A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula (I) means that the structure of Formula (I) has a group which can form an acid or base addition salt, thereby forming a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound of Formula (I).

When the present compound has basic groups such as an amino group, it may form various acid salts. The acid addition salt of the present compound includes, for example, inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, perchlorate, and phosphate; organic acid salts such as oxalate, malonate, maleate, fumarate, lactate, malate, citrate, tartrate, benzoate, trifluoroacetate, acetate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and trifluoromethanesulfonate; and amino-acid salts such as glutamate and aspartate.

When the present compound has acid groups such as a carboxyl group, it may form salts with various bases. Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, for example, alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts, and ammonium salts.

These salts can be prepared by mixing the present compound of Formula (I) with the above-mentioned acid or base and then isolating it according to conventional methods such as recrystallization.

For the purpose of simplifying expressions, the following abbreviations may be optionally used herein.

o-: ortho- m-: meta- p-: para- t-: tert- s-: sec- CHCl₃: chloroform CH₂Cl₂: dichloromethane THF: tetrahydrofuran

DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide

DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide PAM: positive allosteric modulator HEPES: N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid BSA: bovine serum albumin

FDSS: Functional Drug Screening System

Boc: tert-butoxycarbonyl c-Hex: cyclohexyl c-Pen: cyclopentyl iPr: isopropyl c-Pr: cyclopropyl n-Pr: normalpropyl EDCI.HCl: N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride HOBt: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole DIEA: diisopropylethylamine TEA: triethylamine Ms: methanesulfonyl

Hereinafter, processes of the present compound are explained. The present compound of Formula (I) can be prepared by, for example, the following Processes A¹, A², B, C¹, C² and D.

Process A¹

Among the compounds of Formula (I), those wherein X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B) and R^(IA) is neither alkoxy nor hydrogen atom as shown by Formula A1 (i.e. Compound A1) can be prepared by, for example, the following process:

wherein

A, R^(1B) to R^(1D), R^(2A) to R^(2D), R^(3A), R^(3B) and n are as defined in Term 1,

R^(1A′) is the same as R^(1A) defined in Term 1 except that alkoxy and a hydrogen atom are excluded,

An is a counter anion,

X¹ is a halogen,

L is a leaving group,

P is a protecting group for the amino group, and

R^(a1) is a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl.

Compound a1 wherein A is CR^(1E) (i.e. 2-methylaniline) can be synthesized by methods disclosed in publications such as Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2002, 12 (20), 2925-2930, European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010, 24, 4662-4670 and WO 2009/001132, or be commercially available.

Compound a1 wherein A is a nitrogen atom (i.e. 2-methyl-3-aminopyridine) can be synthesized by methods disclosed in publications such as WO 2008/157404 and WO 2009/088103, or be commercially available.

(Step A-1)

In this step, Compound a1 is reacted with, for example, sodium nitrite and sodium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of any acid in a suitable solvent to give Compound a2. The acid used herein includes mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid, and preferably hydrochloric acid. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably water. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −50° C. to 150° C., preferably −30° C. to 100° C., and more preferably −10° C. to 60° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-2)

In this step, Compound a2 prepared in Step A-1 is cyclized, for example, in the presence or absence of organic or inorganic salts and crown ethers to give Compound a3. The organic or inorganic salts used herein include, for example, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium tert-butoxide, and preferably potassium acetate. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably chloroform or dichloromethane. Similar reactions of the step herein are disclosed in, for example, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 2695-2697 and Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 7772-7775, and such reactions can also be used to prepare the product herein. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −50° C. to 100° C., preferably −30° C. to 50° C., and more preferably −10° C. to 30° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-3)

In this step, Compound a3 prepared in Step A-2 is halogenated to give Compound a4. For example, in case of iodination, the reaction can be carried out with iodine in the presence of any base in a suitable solvent. The base used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably dimethylformamide or chloroform. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably −10° C. to 100° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 80° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-4)

In this step, Compound a4 prepared in Step A-3 is coupled with borane acid and the like in the presence of a catalyst and base to give Compound a5. The catalyst used herein includes those wherein a transition metal (e.g. palladium), a salt, complex or polymer thereof, or the like is supported on a carrier. The base used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or the like. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably a mixed solvent of dioxane and water. Similar reactions of the step herein are disclosed in, for example, WO 2005/073219 and such reactions can also be used to prepare the product herein. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically 0° C. to 200° C., preferably 30° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 50° C. to 120° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-5)

In this step, Compound a5 prepared in Step A-4 is reacted with Compound a8 in the presence of a base to give Compound a6. The base used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide or the like. The reductant used herein may be hydrogen, formates such as ammonium formate, or hydrazine. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably DMF or THF. In addition, Compound a8 can also be synthesized by methods disclosed in publications such as WO 2012/068106, WO 2007/030366 and Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 948-951, or be commercially available. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically 0° C. to 200° C., preferably 30° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 50° C. to 120° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-6)

In this step, the protecting group for the amino group of Compound a6 prepared in Step A-5 (defined as “P”) is deprotected to give Compound a7. The step herein can be carried out according to methods disclosed in, for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999). The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 80° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-7)

In this step, Compound a7 prepared in Step A-6 is reacted with Compound a9 or a10 in the presence of any base in a suitable solvent to give compound A1. The base used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably tetrahydrofuran or dimethylformamide. In addition, Compound a9 or a10 can be commercially available or prepared according to conventional methods. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −50° C. to 200° C., preferably −20° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 100° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

Process A²

Among the compounds of Formula (I), those wherein X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B) and R^(1A) is an optionally-substituted alkoxy as shown by Formula A2 (i.e. Compound A2) can be prepared by, for example, the following process:

wherein

A, R^(1B) to R^(1D), R^(2A) to R^(2D), R^(3A), R^(3B) and n are as defined in Term 1,

R^(1A″) is an optionally-substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, and

P is a protecting group for the amino group.

2-Aminobenzoate derivative (Compound a11) can be synthesized by methods disclosed in publications such as Chemistry Letters, 2009, 38 (3), 200-201 and Organic Process Research & Development, 2009, 13 (4), 698-705, or be commercially available.

(Step A-8)

In this step, Compound all is reacted with sodium nitrite and then sodium thiosulfate in the presence of any acid in a suitable solvent to give Compound a12. The acid used herein is selected from mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and preferably hydrochloric acid. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably water. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −50° C. to 150° C., preferably −30° C. to 100° C., and more preferably −10° C. to 60° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-9)

In this step, the hydrogen atom at 1-position of the indazole in Compound a12 prepared in Step A-8 is replaced with a protecting group for the amino group (defined as “P”) to give Compound a13. The step herein can be carried out according to methods disclosed in, for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999). The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 60° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-10)

In this step, Compound a13 prepared in Step A-9 is reacted with any alkylating agent in the presence of any base in a suitable solvent to give Compound a14. The electrophile used herein may be, for example, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, ethyl iodide, or isopropyl iodide. The base used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, silver carbonate or the like. The solvent used herein is preferably acetonitrile or diethyl ether. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 100° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-11)

In this step, the protecting group for the amino group of Compound a14 prepared in Step A-10 (defined as “P”) is deprotected to give Compound a15. The step herein can be carried out according to methods disclosed in, for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999). The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 60° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step A-12)

In this step, Compound a15 prepared in Step A-11 is converted to Compound a16 according to the conditions in Step A-5.

(Step A-13)

In this step, Compound a16 prepared in Step A-12 is converted to Compound a17 according to the conditions in Step A-6.

(Step A-14)

In this step, Compound a17 prepared in Step A-13 is converted to compound A2 according to the conditions in Step A-7.

Process B

Among the compounds of Formula (I), those wherein X—Y—Z is N—CO—NR⁴ as shown by Formula B1 (i.e. Compound B1) can be prepared by, for example, the following process:

wherein A, R^(1A) to R^(1D), R^(2A) to R^(2D), R⁴ and n are as defined in Term 1.

(Step B-1)

In this step, Compound a7 or a17 prepared in Step A-6 or A-13 respectively is reacted with Compound b1 or b2 in the presence of any condensing agent or base in a suitable solvent to give compound B1. The condensing agent used herein includes various types used in conventional methods, and preferably 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (including hydrochloride thereof). The base used herein may be selected from those exemplified later and preferably diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 80° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

Process C¹

Among the compounds of Formula (I), those wherein X—Y—Z is CR^(2E)—NR⁵—COR⁴ as shown by Formulae C1 and C2 (i.e. Compounds C1 and C2) can be prepared by, for example, the following process:

wherein

A, R^(1A) to R^(1D), R^(2A) to R^(2E), R⁴, R⁵ and n are as defined in Term 1,

X₂ is a leaving group such as a halogen, and

P is a protecting group for the amino group.

(Step C-1)

In this step, Compound a3, a5 or a15 is reacted with Cyclohexylalcohol c3 by Mitsunobu reaction in the presence of an azo compound analog and an organophosphorus compound to give Compound c1. The azo compound analog used herein includes, for example, diethylazodicarboxylate and diisopropylazodicarboxylate. The organophosphorus compound used herein is preferably triphenylphosphine or the like. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably tetrahydrofuran. Similar reactions of the step herein are disclosed in, for example, Synlett, 2009, 16, 2673-2675 and Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2007, 17 (7), 2036-2042. In addition, Compound c3 can be synthesized by methods disclosed in publications such as WO 2011/035159 and WO 2010/032009, or be commercially available. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 100° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step C-2)

In this step, the protecting group for the amino group of Compound c1 prepared in Step C-1 (defined as “P”) is deprotected to give Compound c2. The step herein can be carried out according to methods disclosed in, for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999). The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 60° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step C-3)

In this step, Compound c2 prepared in Step C-2 is converted to Compound C1 according to the conditions in Step B-1.

(Step C-4)

In this step, Compound C1 prepared in Step C-3 is reacted with Compound c4 in the presence of any base in a suitable solvent to give Compound C2. The base used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably sodium hydride or diisopropylamine. The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later, and preferably dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 80° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

Process C²

Among the compounds of Formula (I), those wherein X—Y—Z is CR^(2E)—NR⁵—CONR^(3A)R^(3B) as shown by Formulae C3 and C4 (i.e. Compounds C3 and C4) can be prepared by, for example, the following process:

wherein

A, R^(1A) to R^(1D), R^(2A) to R^(2E), R^(3A), R^(3B), R⁵ and n are as defined in Term 1,

X₂ is a leaving group such as a halogen, and

P is a protecting group for the amino group.

(Step C-5)

In this step, Compound c2 prepared in Step C-2 is converted to Compound C3 according to the conditions in Step A-14.

(Step C-6)

In this step, Compound C3 prepared in Step C-5 is converted to Compound C4 according to the conditions in Step C-4.

Process D

Among the compounds of Formula (I), those wherein X—Y—Z is CR^(2E)—CO—NR^(3A)R^(3B) as shown by Formula D1 (i.e. Compound D1) can be prepared by, for example, the following process:

wherein

A, R^(1A) to R^(1D), R^(2A) to R^(2E), R^(3A), R^(3B) and n are as defined in Term 1, and

Rx is a protecting group for the carboxyl group.

(Step D-1)

In this step, Compound a3, a5 or a15 is converted to Compound d1 according to the conditions in Step C-1.

(Step D-2)

In this step, the ester Compound d1 prepared in Step D-1 is converted to a corresponding carboxylic Compound d2. The step herein can be carried out according to methods disclosed in, for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999). The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 60° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

(Step D-3)

In this step, Compound d2 prepared in Step D-2 is reacted with Compound d3 in the presence of any condensing agent in a suitable solvent to give compound D1. The condensing agent used herein includes various types used in conventional methods, and preferably 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (including hydrochloride thereof). The solvent used herein may be selected from those exemplified later. The reaction temperature herein depends on factors such as the types of starting compound and reagents, and it is typically −30° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C., and more preferably 0° C. to 80° C. The reaction time herein is typically about 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours, and more preferably 1 to 16 hours.

The base used in each step in each of the above-shown processes can be selected depending on various factors such as the type of reaction and starting compound; and includes, for example, alkaline bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, alkaline carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium t-butoxide, organometallic bases such as butyllithium and lithium diisopropylamide, and organic bases such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU).

The solvent used in each step in the above-shown processes can be optionally selected depending on various factors such as the type of reaction and starting compound; and includes, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, ketones such as acetone and methyl ketone, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chloroform, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and benzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane, esters such as ethyl acetate and propyl acetate, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and nitriles such as acetonitrile. These solvents can be used alone or in combination with two or more. In addition, organic bases may also be used as the solvent, depending on the type of reaction.

The present compound of Formula (I) or an intermediate thereof can be isolated and purified by well-known methods such as extraction, partition, reprecipitation, column chromatography (e.g. silica gel column chromatography, ion exchange column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography) and recrystallization. The recrystallization solvent used herein includes, for example, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol, ether solvents such as diethyl ether, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and toluene, ketone solvents such as acetone, halogen solvents such as dichloromethane and chloroform, hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide and acetonitrile, water, and a mixed solvent selected from two or more of the above-listed solvents. Other purification methods, for example, those disclosed in Experimental Chemistry Textbook Vol. 1 (the Chemical Society of Japan, ed., Maruzen) can also be used herein.

The present compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may exhibit chirality or contain a substituent with an asymmetric carbon, which can exist as optical isomers. The present compound includes a mixture of each of the isomers and an isolated single isomer, which can be prepared according to a conventional process, for example, using a starting material with an asymmetric center or introducing chirality during the process. In detail, in order to obtain an optical isomer, it can be prepared by using optically active compounds as a starting material or optically resolving the mixture at an appropriate stage during the process. The optical resolution method used herein includes, for example, an isolation technique via diastereomeric salt formed as follows. When the compound of Formula (I) or an intermediate thereof has a basic group, such diastereomeric salt can be formed with optically active acids such as monocarboxylic acids (e.g. mandelic acid, N-benzyloxyalanine, and lactic acid), dicarboxylic acids (e.g. tartaric acid, o-diisopropylidene tartaric acid, and malic acid) and sulfonic acids (e.g. camphor sulfonic acid and bromocamphor sulfonic acid) in an inert solvent such as alcohol solvents (e.g. methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol), ether solvents (e.g. diethyl ether), ester solvents (e.g. ethyl acetate), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g. toluene), aprotic solvents (e.g. acetonitrile), and a mixed solvent selected from two or more of the above-listed solvents. When the present compound of Formula (I) or an intermediate thereof has an acidic group such as a carboxyl group, such diastereomeric salt can be formed with optically active amines such as organic amines (e.g. 1-phenylethylamine, kinin, quinidine, cinchonidine, cinchonine and strychnine). Thus, it is possible to resolve a mixture of optical isomers via the resolution of such diastereomeric salt.

The present compound can be a novel medicament for treating and/or preventing a disease due to an abnormality of the intracellular signaling mediated by acetylcholine, and in particular, nervous system diseases, psychiatric diseases, and inflammatory diseases [e.g. dementia, schizophrenia, CIAS (cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia), Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, and cerebral angiopathy]. The administration route of the present compound may be any of oral, parenteral and rectal ones; and the daily dosage thereof may vary depending on the type of compound, administration method, symptom/age of the patient, and other factors. For example, in case of oral administration, the present compound can be administered to human beings or mammals at typically about 0.01 mg to 1000 mg and preferably about 0.1 mg to 500 mg per kg of body weight as a single or multiple doses. In case of parenteral administration such as intravenous injection, the present compound can be administered to human beings or mammals at typically about 0.01 mg to 300 mg and preferably about 1 mg to 100 mg per kg of body weight.

The dosage forms of the present compound include, for example, tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, suspensions, injections, suppositories, eye drops, ointments, embrocations, adhesive skin patches, and inhalants. These formulations can be prepared according to conventional methods. In addition, liquid formulations may be in a form wherein the present compound is dissolved or suspended in water, appropriate aqueous solutions, or other appropriate vehicles at the time of use. Tablets and granules may be coated according to known methods. Furthermore, the formulations may comprise additional ingredients which are useful for the treatment.

The present compound can be used in combination with a drug classified as atypical antipsychotic drugs. The atypical antipsychotic drugs include, for example, olanzapine, risperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, asenapine, iloperidone, clozapine, sertindole, blonanserin and lurasidone.

The temperature for forming the salt is in the range of room temperature to boiling point of a solvent as used. In order to improve the optical purity, it is desirable that the temperature is once raised to around the boiling point of the solvent. The precipitated salt is collected on a filter; and if necessary, the filtration may be carried out under cooled conditions to improve the yield. The appropriate amount of an optically active acid or amine used herein is about 0.5 to about 2.0 equivalents, preferably about 1 equivalent per the reactant. If necessary, the crystal can be recrystallized from an inert solvent such as alcohol solvents (e.g. methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol), ether solvents (e.g. diethyl ether), ester solvents (e.g. ethyl acetate), hydrocarbon solvents (e.g. toluene), aprotic solvents (e.g. acetonitrile), and a mixed solvent selected from two or more of the above-listed solvents to give the optically active salt in high purity. In addition, if necessary, it is also possible to treat the optically-resolved salt with an acid or base by a conventional method to give a free form thereof.

EXAMPLE

Hereinafter, the present invention is further explained in detail in Reference Examples, Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention should not be limited thereto. In addition, the compounds were identified by, for example, elementary analysis, mass spectra, high performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer, LCMS, IR spectra, NMR spectra, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

For the purpose of simplifying expressions, the following abbreviations may be optionally used in Reference Examples, Examples and the tables thereof. When referring to substituents, Me and Ph are abbreviations of methyl and phenyl respectively. TFA is an abbreviation of trifluoroacetic acid. The following abbreviations are used in NMR data.

s: singlet d: doublet dd: doublet of doublet t: triplet td: triplet of doublet q: quartet m: multiplet br: broad brs: broad singlet brs: broad multiplet J: coupling constant

The measurement conditions of LCMS by high performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer are shown below. The observed value of mass spectrometry [MS (m/z)] is shown as MH+, and the retention time is shown as Rt (min). In addition, the conditions used in measuring each of the observed value are shown as A to F:

Measurement Condition A

Detector: Agilent 1100 series for API series manufactured by Applied Biosystems HPLC: API 150EX LC/MS system manufactured by Applied Biosystems

Column: YMC CombiScreen Hydrosphere C18 (S-5 μM, 12 nm, 4.6×50 mm) Solvent: Solution A: 0.05% TFA/H₂O, Solution B: 0.05% TFA/MeOH Gradient Condition:

0.0-6.0 min; A/B=75:25-1:99 (linear gradient)

Flow rate: 3.5 mL/min

UV: 254 nm Measurement Condition B

Detector: HPLC: LCMS-2010EV manufactured by Shimadzu Column: Xtimate (3 μM, 2.1×30 mm) manufactured by Welch Materials

Solvent: Solution A: 0.019% TFA/H₂O, Solution B: 0.038% TFA/MeOH Gradient Condition:

0.0-1.35 min; A/B=90:10-20:80 (linear gradient)

1.35-2.25 min; A/B=20:80

Flow rate: 0.8 mL/min

UV: 220 nm

Column temperature: 50° C.

Measurement Condition C Detector: Perkin-Elmer Sciex API 150EX Massspectrometer (40 eV) HPLC: Shimadzu LC 10ATVP

Column: Shiseido CAPCELL PAK C18 ACR(S-5 μm, 4.6 mm×50 mm)

Solvent: Solution A: 0.035% TFA/CH₃CN, Solution B: 0.05% TFA/H₂O Gradient Condition:

0.0-0.5 min; A/B=1:99

0.5-4.8 min; A/B=10:90-99:1 (linear gradient)

4.8-5.0 min; A/B=99:1

Flow rate: 3.5 mL/min

UV: 220 nm

Column temperature: 40° C.

Measurement Condition D Detector: Waters ACQUITY UltraPerfomanc LC-PDA-ELSD-SQD

Column: Waters UPLC BEH C18 1.7 m, 2.1×30 mm (Part. No. 186002349)

Solvent: Solution A: 0.05% HCOOH/H₂O, Solution B: CH₃CN Gradient Condition:

0.0 min; A/B=90:10

0.0-1.3 min; A/B=90:10-5:95 (linear gradient)

Flow rate: 0.80 mL/min

UV: 220, 254 nm

Column temperature: 40° C.

Measurement Condition E Detector: Shimadzu LCMS-2020

Column: Phenomenex Kinetex (1.7 μm C18, 50 mm×2.10 mm)

Solvent: Solution A: MeOH, Solution B: 0.05% TFA/H₂O Gradient Condition:

0.0 min; A/B=30:70

0.0-1.9 min; A/B=99:1

1.9-3.0 min; A/B=30:70

Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min

UV: 220 nm

Column temperature: 40° C.

Measurement Condition F Detector: Waters ACQUITY UPLC Column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl 1.7 μm 2.1×50 mm Solvent: Solution A: 0.05% HCOOH/H₂O, Solution B: CH₃CN Gradient Condition:

0.0-1.3 min; A/B=90:10-1:99 (linear gradient)

1.3-1.5 min; A/B=1:99

1.5-2.0 min; A/B=90:10

Flow rate: 0.75 mL/min

UV: 220, 254 nm

Column temperature: 50° C.

Reference Example 1 5-methyl-1-(4-piperidyl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride

a) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q1)

To a solution of 5-methylindazole (901 mg) in DMF (10 mL) was added sodium hydride (327 mg) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred with heating at 40° C. for 30 minutes. To the reaction solution was added tert-butyl 4-(methylsulfonyloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.28 g), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 90° C. for 19 hours. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=2:5 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q1 (1.04 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.47 (9H, s), 2.00 (2H, m), 2.21 (2H, m), 2.43 (3H, s), 2.93 (2H, br), 4.28 (2H, br), 4.50 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.48 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, s).

b) Preparation of 5-methyl-1-(4-piperidyl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride (Reference Example 1)

To a solution of Compound Q1 (1.04 g) in chloroform (20 mL) was added 4 mol/L HCl-dioxane (3.3 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours. Then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give Reference Example 1 (720 mg).

Reference Example 2 3-ethoxy-5-ethyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride

a) Preparation of 5-bromo-1H-indazol-3-ol (Compound Q2)

To a solution of 2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid (50 g) in water (200 mL) was added HCl (46 mL). To the mixture was added aqueous NaNO₂ solution (17.7 g/37 mL) at 0° C., and

the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. To the reaction solution was added dropwise aqueous Na₂SO₃ solution (79.3 g/200 mL) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. To the mixture was added HCl (70 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then at 80° C. for 4 hours. The precipitated solid was dissolved by basifying the reaction solution, and then the solution was acidified to precipitate a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to give Compound Q2 (36 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO): 7.28 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.82 (1H, s), 10.67 (1H, s), 11.75 (1H, s).

b) Preparation of tert-butyl 5-bromo-3-hydroxy-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (Compound Q3)

To a solution of Compound Q2 (5.00 g) in acetonitrile (50 mL) were added under nitrogen atmosphere triethylamine (3.60 g) and 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (144 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. To the mixture was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (5.14 g), and the mixture was stirred for 10 hours at room temperature. The solvent was removed out, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give Compound Q3 (4.5 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO): 1.61 (9H, s), 7.73 (1H, dd, J=8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz), 7.94 (2H, m).

c) Preparation of tert-butyl 5-bromo-3-ethoxy-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (Compound Q4)

A solution of Compound Q3 (15.0 g), ethyl iodide (7.5 g) and cesium carbonate (31.3 g) in acetonitrile (250 mL) was stirred with heating at 80° C. for 16 hours. The solvent was removed out, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=30:1 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q4 (9.00 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.50 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.72 (9H, s), 4.56 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 7.60 (1H, dd, J=8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz), 7.85 (2H, m)

d) Preparation of 5-bromo-3-ethoxy-1H-indazole (Compound Q5)

To a solution of Compound Q4 (7.60 g) in ethyl acetate (50 mL) was added 4 mol/L HCl-ethyl acetate (50 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. Then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed with ethyl acetate, collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to give Compound Q5 (6.20 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 1.48 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 4.44 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s).

e) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(5-bromo-3-ethoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q6)

To a solution of the above-obtained Compound Q5 (2.03 g) in dehydrated DMF (120 mL) was added under nitrogen atmosphere sodium hydride (1.17 g), and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. To the reaction solution was added tert-butyl 4-(methylsulfonyloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (4.08 g), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 90° C. for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:30 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q6 (3.10 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.41 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.45 (3H, s), 1.90 (2H, m), 2.15 (2H, m), 2.93 (2H, m), 4.28 (3H, m), 4.40 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 7.39 (1H, dd, J=9.2 Hz, 1.6 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz).

f) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(3-ethoxy-5-vinyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q7)

A solution of the above-obtained Compound Q6 (2.40 g), 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxan (1.09 g), cesium carbonate (5.51 g), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride (0.83 g) in dioxane (50 mL)-water (5 mL) was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 90° C. for 16 hours. Then, the solvent was removed out, the mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:40 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q7 (2.00 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.49 (12H, m), 1.90 (2H, m), 2.19 (2H, m), 2.93 (2H, m), 4.28 (3H, m), 4.43 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 5.16 (1H, d, J=11.0 Hz), 5.69 (1H, d, J=17.2 Hz), 6.80 (1H, dd, J=17.2 Hz, 11.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.49 (1H, dd, J=8.8 Hz, 1.6 Hz), 7.63 (1H, d, 1.6 Hz).

g) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(3-ethoxy-5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q8)

A solution of the above-obtained Compound Q7 (1.62 g) and palladium (II) hydroxide/carbon (162 mg) in ethanol (180 mL) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was filtered through Celite and the solvent was removed out to give Compound Q8 (1.60 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.27 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.49 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.51 (9H, s), 1.93 (2H, m), 2.16 (2H, m), 2.74 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 2.97 (2H, m), 4.28 (3H, m), 4.43 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 7.27 (2H, m), 7.63 (1H, s).

h) Preparation of 3-ethoxy-5-ethyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole (Reference Example 2)

To a solution of the above-obtained Compound Q8 (1.45 g) in ethyl acetate (15 mL) was added 4 mol/L HCl-ethyl acetate (15 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. Then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed with ethyl acetate, collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to give Reference Example 2 (1.20 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.49 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.40 (2H, br), 2.50 (2H, br), 2.74 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 3.28 (2H, br), 3.75 (2H, br), 4.44 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 4.58 (1H, m), 7.24 (2H, m), 7.49 (1H, s).

Reference Example 3 5-ethoxy-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride

a) Preparation of 5-ethoxy-1H-indazole (Compound Q9)

To a solution of 5-hydroxyindazole (2.68 g) in DMF (50 mL) were added ethyl iodide (3.28 g) and potassium carbonate (4.16 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q9 (1.95 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.43 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 4.05 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 7.07 (2H, m), 7.39 (1H, m), 7.98 (1H, s).

b) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(5-ethoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q10)

To a solution of the above-obtained Compound Q9 (810 mg) in anhydrous DMF (10 mL) was added sodium hydride (220 mg) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred with heating at 40° C. for 30 minutes. To the reaction solution was added tert-butyl 4-(methylsulfonyloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.54 g), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 90° C. for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:3 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q10 (521 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.43 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.46 (9H, s), 1.99 (2H, m), 2.17 (2H, m), 2.91 (2H, m), 4.04 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.28 (2H, br), 4.50 (1H, m), 7.04 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, m), 7.87 (1H, s).

c) Preparation of 5-ethoxy-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride (Reference Example 3)

To a solution of the above-obtained Compound Q10 (637 mg) in chloroform (10 mL) was added 4 mol/L HCl-ethyl acetate (1.38 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed with ethyl acetate, collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to give Reference Example 3 (484 mg).

Reference Example 4 cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexylamine hydrochloride

a) Preparation of tert-butyl cis-4-(5-bromo-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexylcarbamate (Compound Q11)

A solution of 5-bromoindazole (15 g), tert-butyl trans-4-hydroxycyclohexylcarbamate (50 g) and triphenylphosphine (50 g) in THF was stirred at 0° C. for 15 minutes. To the reaction solution was added dropwise diisopropylazodicarboxylate (38.5 g) under nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 1 day. Then, the solvent was removed out, ethyl acetate (300 mL) and petroleum ether (90 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction solution was filtered, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:80-1:15 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q11 (8.00 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.48 (9H, s), 1.80 (2H, m), 1.94-2.10 (4H, m), 2.18 (2H, m), 3.93 (1H, br), 4.45 (1H, m), 4.90 (1H, br), 7.31 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J=9.2 Hz, 0.8 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J=0.8 Hz), 7.96 (1H, s).

b) Preparation of tert-butyl cis-4-(5-vinyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexylcarbamate (Compound Q12)

A solution of the above-obtained Compound Q11 (5.00 g), 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxan (4.57 g), cesium carbonate (12.40 g), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride (0.75 g) in dioxane (150 mL)-water (25 mL) was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 90° C. for 15 hours. Then, the solvent was removed out, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:30-1:10 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q12 (4.00 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.49 (9H, s), 1.82 (2H, m), 1.96-2.12 (4H, m), 2.20 (2H, m), 3.94 (1H, br), 4.47 (1H, m), 4.92 (1H, br), 5.24 (1H, d, J=10.8 Hz), 5.75 (1H, d, J=17.6 Hz), 6.85 (1H, dd, J=17.6 Hz, 10.8 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.71 (1H, s), 8.00 (1H, s).

c) Preparation of tert-butyl cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexylcarbamate (Compound Q13)

A solution of the above-obtained Compound Q12 (4.00 g) and palladium (II) hydroxide/carbon (20%, 400 mg) in ethanol (100 mL) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was filtered through Celite and the solvent was removed out to give Compound Q13 (3.50 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.48 (9H, s), 1.79 (2H, m), 1.95-2.10 (4H, m), 2.26 (2H, m), 2.77 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 3.93 (1H, br), 4.46 (1H, m), 4.98 (1H, br), 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.54 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, s).

d) Preparation of cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexylamine hydrochloride (Reference Example 4)

To a solution of the above-obtained Compound Q13 (2.50 g) in ethyl acetate (15 mL) was added 4 mol/L HCl-ethyl acetate (15 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. Then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed with ethyl acetate, collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to give Reference Example 4 (2.0 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, dDMSO): 1.22 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.87-2.02 (6H, m), 2.21 (2H, m), 2.71 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 3.35 (1H, m), 4.73 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.54 (1H, s), 7.64 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.98 (1H, s).

Reference Example 5 cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (Reference Example 5)

a) Preparation of ethyl cis-4-(5-bromo-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylate (Compound Q14)

A solution of 5-bromoindazole (5.00 g), ethyl trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate (8.73 g), triphenylphosphine (13.3 g) in THF (150 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 15 minutes. To the reaction solution was added dropwise diethylazodicarboxylate (9.03 g) under nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 13 hours. Then, the solvent was removed out, and ethyl acetate (100 mL) and petroleum ether (30 mL) were added thereto. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction solution was filtered, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:80-1:15 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q14 (3.50 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.76 (2H, m), 1.95 (2H, m), 2.27 (2H, m), 2.35 (2H, m), 2.70 (1H, m), 4.20 (1H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 4.45 (1H, m), 7.35 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J=8.8H), 7.85 (1H, s), 7.91 (1H, s).

b) Preparation of ethyl cis-4-(5-vinyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylate (Compound Q15)

A solution of the above-obtained Compound Q14 (3.80 g), 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxan (3.90 g), cesium carbonate (10.5 g), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride (0.38 g) in dioxane (80 mL)-water (8 mL) was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 90° C. for 18 hours. Then, the solvent was removed out, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:30-1:10 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q15 (2.10 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.75 (2H, m), 1.98 (2H, m), 2.25 (2H, m), 2.40 (2H, m), 2.70 (1H, m), 4.22 (1H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 4.47 (1H, m), 5.20 (1H, d, J=10.8 Hz), 5.72 (1H, d, J=17.6 Hz), 6.82 (1H, dd, J=17.6 Hz, 10.8 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J=8.8H), 7.67 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, s).

c) Preparation of ethyl cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylate (Compound Q16)

A solution of the above-obtained Compound Q15 (3.00 g), palladium (II) hydroxide/carbon (20%, 300 mg) in ethanol (80 mL) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was filtered through Celite and the solvent was removed out to give Compound Q16 (2.80 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.29 (7H, m), 1.76 (2H, m), 2.00 (2H, m), 2.27 (2H, m), 2.41 (2H, m), 2.70-2.80 (3H, m), 4.25 (1H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 4.48 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.53 (1H, s), 7.92 (1H, s).

d) Preparation of cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (Reference Example 5)

To a solution of the above-obtained Compound Q16 (2.00 g) and lithium hydroxide (32 mg) in methanol (5 mL) were added water (5 mL) and THF (5 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours. The solvent was removed out, water (30 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 5 to 6 with 10% aqueous HCl solution and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed out to give Reference Example 5.

1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.25 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.76 (2H, m), 1.75 (2H, m), 1.98 (2H, m), 2.25-2.50 (4H, m), 2.70-2.83 (3H, m), 4.45 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.51 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, s).

Reference Example 6 5-(²H₃)methyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride

a) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(5-bromo-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q17)

To a suspension of potassium tert-butoxide (37.25 g) in tetrahydrofuran (1000 mL) was added 5-bromoindazole (54.52 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. To the reaction solution was added tert-butyl 4-(methylsulfonyloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (98.74 g), and the reaction solution was heated at reflux for 1 day. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=1:3 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q17 (45.68 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.49 (9H, s), 2.00 (2H, m), 2.21 (2H, m), 2.96 (2H, m), 4.31 (2H, m), 4.52 (1H, m), 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz, 8.8 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J=1.7 Hz), 7.94 (1H, s).

b) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-[5-(²H₃)methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q18)

To a solution of Compound Q17 (5.70 g) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) was added dropwise at −78° C. n-butyllithium (2.6 mol/L in n-hexane, 7.61 mL). The reaction solution was stirred at −78° C. for 3 hours, and deuterated methyl iodide (4.35 g) was added thereto at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, and saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution was added thereto at ice temperature. The mixture was partioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=5:2 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q18 (3.64 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.49 (9H, s), 2.02 (2H, t, J=10.5 Hz), 2.22 (2H, m), 2.96 (2H, m), 4.31 (2H, s), 4.54 (1H, m), 7.21 (1H, m), 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.50 (1H, m), 7.90 (1H, s).

c) Preparation of 5-(²H₃)methyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride (Reference Example 6)

To a solution of Compound Q18 (225 mg) in dioxane (3 mL) was added at room temperature 4 mol/L HCl-dioxane (3.3 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 55° C. for 2 hours. Then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give Reference Example 6 (225 mg).

Reference Example 7 Preparation of 4-(4-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine hydrochloride

a) Preparation of 2-(benzyloxy)-3-bromo-6-fluorobenzaldehyde (Compound Q20)

To a solution of 2-bromo-5-fluorophenol (10 g) in acetone (100 mL) were added potassium carbonate (8.68 g) and benzyl bromide (7.51 mL), and the mixture was heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and the insoluble matter was removed by filtration to give Compound Q19 as a crude product.

A solution of diisopropylamine (2.88 mL) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) was cooled to −78° C. To the mixture was added dropwise n-butyllithium (2.6 mol/L in n-hexane, 6.19 mL), and the mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 10 minutes. To the mixture was added dropwise a solution of Compound Q19 (4.10 g) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) over 15 minutes. The reaction solution was stirred at −78° C. for 1 hour, dimethylformamide (1.25 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 minutes. The reaction solution was warmed to room temperature, saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution (100 mL) was added to the solution, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from a mixed solution of ethyl acetate/hexane to give Compound Q20 (3.08 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 5.03 (2H, s), 6.78-6.90 (1H, m), 7.22-7.51 (5H, m), 7.64-7.78 (1H, m), 10.14 (1H, s).

b) Preparation of 4-(benzyloxy)-5-bromo-1H-indazole (Compound Q21)

To a solution of Compound Q20 (3.0 g) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (15 mL) were added potassium carbonate (1.47 g) and O-methylhydroxyamine hydrochloride (810 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The insoluble matter was removed by filtration and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. To the residue were added 1,2-dimethoxyethane (15 mL) and hydrazine hydrate (15 mL), and the mixture was heated at reflux for 21 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, the 1,2-dimethoxyethane layer was washed with brine, the mixture was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=100:0-40:60 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q21 (1.37 g).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 5.40 (2H, s), 7.06-7.16 (1H, m), 7.30-7.62 (6H, m), 8.06 (1H, s), 10.58 (1H, br s).

c) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-[4-(benzyloxy)-5-bromo-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q22)

To a suspension of sodium hydride (271 mg) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added Compound Q21 (1.37 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. To the reaction solution was added tert-butyl 4-(methylsulfonyloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.89 g), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, water (100 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄ and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=100:0-50:50 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q22 (1.26 g).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.49 (9H, s), 1.92-2.08 (2H, m), 2.09-2.29 (2H, m), 2.84-3.06 (2H, m), 4.19-4.39 (2H, m), 4.41-4.58 (1H, m), 5.39 (2H, s), 7.00-7.08 (1H, m), 7.28-7.60 (6H, m), 7.99 (1H, s).

d) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-[4-(benzyloxy)-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q23)

To a solution of Compound Q22 (1.2 g) and bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium (63 mg) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (12 mL) was added dropwise under nitrogen atmosphere chloromethylzinc (0.5 mol/L in tetrahydrofuran, 1.24 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. To the reaction solution was added water (50 mL), and the insoluble matter was removed by filtration. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=100:0-50:50 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q23 (981 mg).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.92-2.09 (2H, m), 2.11-2.41 (2H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.83-3.10 (2H, m), 4.19-4.61 (3H, m), 5.33 (2H, s), 7.01-7.09 (1H, m), 7.14-7.23 (1H, m), 7.32-7.55 (5H, m), 8.02 (1H, s).

e) Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(4-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound Q25)

To a solution of Compound Q23 (981 mg) in ethanol/ethyl acetate (3/1, 20 mL) was added palladium hydroxide on carbon (100 mg), and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere for 16 hours. The reaction solution was filtered through Celite and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give Compound Q24 as a crude product. To acetone (10 mL) were added the obtained Compound Q24, potassium carbonate (817 mg) and ethyl iodide (0.284 mL), and the mixture was heated at reflux for 24 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, the insoluble matter was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=100:0-20:80 as the eluting solvent) to give Compound Q25 (611 mg).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.46 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.94-2.07 (2H, m), 2.13-2.27 (2H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.85-3.04 (2H, m), 4.21-4.43 (2H, m), 4.37 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.43-4.55 (1H, m), 6.98-7.04 (1H, m), 7.15-7.20 (1H, m), 8.02 (1H, s).

f) Preparation of 4-ethoxy-5-methyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride (Reference Example 7)

To a solution of Compound Q25 (611 mg) in ethyl acetate (15 mL) was added 4 mol/L HCl-dioxane (1.8 mL), and

the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was washed with ethyl acetate, and the precipitated crystal was collected by filtration to give Reference Example 7 (420 mg).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ: 1.36 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.98-2.14 (2H, m), 2.17-2.41 (2H, m), 2.23 (3H, s), 2.99-3.22 (2H, m), 3.32-3.50 (2H, m), 4.34 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.81-4.98 (1H, m), 7.16-7.29 (2H, m), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.79-9.03 (1H, m), 9.06-9.29 (1H, m).

Example 1 N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

To a solution of Reference Example 1 (600 mg) in DMF (5 mL) were added trans-phenyl-4-methoxycyclohexane carbamate (564 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (1.24 mL), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 70° C. for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent) to give Example 1 (564 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.16 (2H, m), 1.36 (2H, m), 2.06 (6H, m), 2.25 (2H, m), 2.46 (3H, s), 2.93-3.21 (3H, m), 3.35 (3H, s), 3.68 (1H, m), 4.10 (2H, m), 4.28 (1H, m), 4.55 (2H, m), 7.21 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.90 (1H, s).

Example 2 4-(3-ethoxy-5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

Example 2

To a solution of the above-obtained Reference Example 2 (136 mg) in DMF (3 mL) were added phenyl-4-pyran carbamate (97 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (307 μL), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 70° C. for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent) to give Example 2 (71 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.48 (7H, m), 1.99 (2H, m), 2.21 (2H, m), 2.74 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 3.03 (2H, m), 3.51 (2H, m), 3.98 (3H, m), 4.12 (2H, m), 4.30-4.50 (3H, m), 4.58 (1H, m), 7.23 (2H, m), 7.48 (1H, s).

Example 3 (4,4-difluorocyclohexyl) (4-(5-ethoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methanone

To a solution of the above-obtained Reference Example 3 (25 mg), EDCI.HCl (25 mg), HOBt (17 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (62 μL) in DMF (1.0 mL) was added 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (14 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. Then, the mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and water, the organic layer was washed with brine, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=2:1 as the eluting solvent) to give Example 3 (18 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.38 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.87-1.66 (6H, m), 2.16-2.02 (6H, m), 2.56 (1H, s), 2.77 (1H, s), 3.23 (1H, s), 3.99 (3H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.53 (1H, m), 4.70 (1H, m), 7.00 (2H, m), 7.26 (1H, m), 7.82 (1H, s).

Example 4 N-(cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexyl)-4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxamide

To a solution of the above-obtained Reference Example 4 (94 mg), EDCI.HCl (95 mg), HOBt (66 mg), and diisopropylethylamine (236 μL) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (55 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. Then, the mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and water, the organic layer was washed with brine, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=2:1 as the eluting solvent) to give Example 4 (72 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.30 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.65-2.08 (12H, m), 2.10-2.30 (5H, m), 2.78 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 4.25 (1H, m), 4.51 (1H, m), 5.81 (1H, m), 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.96 (1H, s).

Example 5 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-3-(cis-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexyl)urea

To a solution of the above-obtained Reference Example 4 (131 mg) in DMF (3 mL) were added phenyl 4,4-difluorocyclohexane carbamate (119 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (328 μL), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 70° C. for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent) to give Example 5 (24 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.25 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.50 (2H, m), 1.70-2.25 (13H, m), 2.75 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 3.65 (1H, m), 4.08 (1H, m), 4.45 (1H, m), 4.55 (1H, m), 5.00 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.51 (1H, s), 7.93 (1H, s).

Example 6 cis-N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-4-(5-ethyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide

To a solution of the above-obtained Reference Example 5 (155 mg), EDCI.HCl (107 mg), HOBt (74 mg), and diisopropylethylamine (399 μL) in DMF (3.0 mL) was added 4,4-difluorocyclohexylamine (77 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. Then, the mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and water, the organic layer was washed with brine, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane=2:1 as the eluting solvent) to give Example 6 (127 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.50 (2H, m), 1.70-2.22 (12H, m), 2.30-2.48 (3H, m), 2.72 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 3.92 (1H, m), 4.52 (1H, m), 5.45 (1H, m), 7.21 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.49 (1H, s), 7.87 (1H, s).

Examples 7 to 101

The compounds in Table 1 were prepared in the same manner as Examples 1 to 2 except that the corresponding starting compounds were used.

TABLE 1

(LC-MS: [M + H]⁺/ LC-MS Ex. R^(1A) R^(1B) R^(1C) R^(1D) R^(3A) R^(3B) A n Rt (min)) Method 7 H H Me H H c-Pen CH 1 327.5/3.71 C 8 H H Me H H c-Hex CH 1 341.4/3.87 C 9 H H Me H H

CH 1 343.4/3.27 C 10 H H Me H

CH 1 363.5/3.91 C 11 H H Me H

CH 1 357.4/3.56 C 12 H H Me H H

CH 1 371.5/3.40 C 13 H H Me H H

CH 1 377.6/3.79 C 14 H H iPr H H

CH 1 371.5/4.63 A 15 H H n-Pr H H

CH 1 371.4/4.63 A 16 H H Et H H

CH 1 385.6/4.66 A 17 H H OEt H H c-Pen CH 1  357.3/0.901 D 18 H H OEt H H c-Hex CH 1  371.4/0.955 D 19 H H OEt H H

CH 1  373.3/0.738 D 20 H H Et H H c-Pen CH 1  341.3/0.987 D 21 H H Et H H

CH 1  385.4/0.899 D 22 H H Et H H

CH 1  357.3/0.857 D 23 H H Et H H

CH 1  391.3/1.004 D 24 H H Et H H

CH 1  357.3/0.828 D 25 H H

H H

CH 1 386.2/4.24 A 26 H H

H H

CH 1 435.6/4.63 A 27 H H EtO H H

N 1 407.5/4.54 A 28 H H F H H

CH 1 381.3/3.64 C 29 H H F H H

CH 1 375.3/3.26 C 30 H H EtO H H

CH 1 401.4/3.38 C 31 H H

H H c-Pen CH 1 385.4/3.63 C 32 H H

H H

CH 1 429.4/3.38 C 33 H H Cl H H c-Pen CH 1 347.3/3.79 C 34 H H Cl H H

CH 1 397.2/3.87 C 35 H H Cl H H

CH 1 391.1/3.52 C 36

H Me H H

CH 1 421.5/4.60 A 37 H c-Pr H H H

CH 1 397.0/4.63 A 38 H H H H H

CH 1 363.2/3.67 A 39 H H H H H c-Hex CH 1 327.0/4.19 A 40 H H OMe H H c-Hex CH 1 356.8/4.21 A 41 H H OMe H H

CH 1 393.0/3.68 A 42 Et H Me H H

CH 1 405.4/4.86 A 43 Et H Me H H

CH 1 371.0/4.57 A 44 H c-Pr H H H

CH 1 411.1/4.71 A 45 Me H Me H H

CH 1 371.0/4.51 A 46 H H OiPr H H

CH 1 421.0/4.63 A 47 H H OiPr H H

CH 1 415.5/4.45 A 48 H H OiPr H H c-Hex CH 1 385.0/4.68 A 49 H H OiPr H H c-Pen CH 1 371.0/4.54 A 50 H H H H H

CH 1 391.0/4.47 A 51 H H H H Et

CH 1 385.4/4.50 A 52

H Me H H

CH 1 461.4/3.90 C 53 Et H H H H

CH 1 391.2/3.91 C 54 H H

H H

CH 1 407.2/3.45 C 55

H Me H H

CH 1 455.5/3.58 C 56 OEt H Et H H c-Pen CH 1 385.2/2.47 B 57 OEt H Et H H

CH 1 429.2/2.29 B 58 OiPr H Et H H c-Pen CH 1 399.2/1.95 B 59 OiPr H Et H H

CH 1 443.2/1.81 B 60 OEt H Et H H c-Hex CH 1 399.2/2.06 B 61 OEt H Et H H

CH 1 435.2/1.99 B 62 OiPr H Et H H

CH 1 449.2/2.29 B 63 OiPr H Et H H

CH 1 415.2/2.07 B 64 H Et H H H

CH 1 391.0/4.65 A 65 H H Br H H

CH 1 408.1/4.26 A 66 H Et H H H

CH 1 385.5/4.30 A 67

H Me H H c-Pen CH 1 371.2/4.57 A 68

H Me H H c-Hex CH 1 385.5/4.74 A 69

H Me H H

CH 1 415.5/4.40 A 70 H H

H H

CH 1 457.8/4.96 A 71 H H Br H H

CH 1 436.4/4.45 A 72 H H Et H H

CH 1 343.5/4.25 A 73 H H Et H H

CH 2 405.4/4.89 A 74 H H c-Pr H H

CH 1 397.0/4.63 A 75 H H c-Pr H H

CH 1 368.9/4.46 A 76 H H n-Pr H H

CH 1 399.4/4.85 A 77 H H c-Pr H H

CH 1 403.2/4.78 A 78 H H Me H H

CH 1 377.5/4.53 A 79 H H Me H H

CH 1 377.2/4.51 A 80 H H Me H H

CH 1 363.6/4.44 A 81 H H Me H H

CH 1 363.3/4.44 A 82 H H Me H H

CH 1 377.4/4.57 A 83 H H Me H H

CH 1 439.1/4.68 A 84 H H Et H H

CH 2 399.0/4.71 A 85 H H MeO H H

CH 1 392.8/4.28 A 86 H H MeO H H

CH 1 392.8/4.30 A 87 H H MeO H H

CH 1 379.0/4.16 A 88 H H MeO H H

CH 1 379.0/4.15 A 89 Me H Me H H

CH 1 385.4/4.59 A 90 H H Me H H

CH 1 385.0/4.57 A 91 H H Me H H

CH 1 371.0/4.46 A 92 H H Et H H

CH 1 385.4/4.67 A 93 H Me H H H

CH 1 377.3/4.54 A 94 H Me H H H

CH 1 371.0/4.38 A 95 H Me H H H

CH 1 371.0/4.41 A 96 H Me H H H

CH 1 385.4/4.51 A 97 H Me H H H

CH 1 407.2/4.54 A 98 H Br H H H

CH 1 435.1/4.63 A 99 H H Et H H

N 1 392.0/4.49 A 100 H H Et H H

N 1 386.2/4.31 A 101 H H Et H H

N 1 358.0/4.09 A

Examples 102 to 118

The compounds in Table 2 were prepared in the same manner as Example 3 except that the corresponding starting compounds were used.

TABLE 2

(LC-MS: [M + H]⁺/ LC-MS Ex. R^(1C) R⁴ Rt (min)) Method 102 Br

394.0/4.01 A 103

370.3/4.70 A 104 F

332.4/3.89 A 105 Me c-Hex 326.5/4.08 C 106 Me c-Pen 312.3/3.93 C 107 iPr

356.2/4.66 A 108 n-Pr

356.3/4.65 A 109 OEt c-Hex 356.3/1.01 C 110 OEt c-Pen  342.3/0.959 C 111 Et

 342.3/0.868 C 112 OEt

368.1/3.79 C 113 Et

376.4/4.57 A 114 OEt

369.2/4.28 A 115 OiPr

383.0/4.39 A 116 OiPr

406.3/4.55 A 117 Et

370.2/3.86 C 118 Et

353.3/3.74 C

Examples 119 to 126

The compounds in Table 3 were prepared in the same manner as Examples 4 and 5 except that the corresponding starting compounds were used.

TABLE 3

(LC-MS: [M + H]⁺/ LC-MS Ex. R^(1A) R^(1C) R⁴ Rt (min)) Method 119 H Et c-Hex 354.1/2.18 B 120 H Et

356.1/1.88 B 121 H Et

328.1/2.11 B 122 H Et

384.1/2.00 B 123 H Et

340.1/2.11 B 124 H Et

384.1/2.04 B 125

Me

414.4/4.86 A 126

Me

420.1/4.92 A

Examples 127 to 131

The compounds in Table 4 were prepared in the same manner as Example 6 except that the corresponding starting compounds were used.

TABLE 4

(LC-MS: [M + H]⁺/ LC-MS Ex. R^(1C) R^(3A) R^(3B) Rt (min)) Method 127 Et H c-Hex 354.2/2.32 B 128 Et H c-Pen 340.1/2.10 B 129 Et H

356.2/2.04 B 130 Et H

384.2/1.85 B 131 Et H

327.2/2.31 B

Examples 132 to 141

The compounds in Table 5 were prepared in the same manner as Example 3 except that the corresponding starting compounds were used.

TABLE 5

(LC-MS: [M + H]⁺/ LC-MS Ex. R^(1A) R^(1B) R^(1C) R⁴ Rt (min)) Method 132 H H OEt

418.8/4.63 A 133 H H Me

362.1/4.48 A 134 H H F

366.0/4.32 A 135

H Me

406.7/4.48 A 136

H Et

420.0/4.69 A 137 H H H

348.1/4.27 A 138 H H Me

362.0/4.56 A 139 H Et H

376.1/4.66 A 140 H H c-Pr

354.4/4.42 A 141 H H c-Pr

382.5/4.63 A

Examples 142 and 143

The compounds in Table 6 were prepared in the same manner as Examples 1 and 2 except that the corresponding starting compounds were used.

TABLE 6

(LC-MS: [M + H]⁺/ LC-MS Ex. R^(1C) R⁴ Rt (min)) Method 142 Et

383.1/1.93 B 143 Et

417.2/1.83 B

Example 144 N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-[5-(²H₃)methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide

To a solution of Reference Example 6 (225 mg) in acetonitrile (5 mL) were added trans-phenyl-4-methoxycyclohexane carbamate (176 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (0.62 mL), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 80° C. for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent) to give Example 144 (127 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.16 (2H, m), 1.36 (2H, m), 2.07 (6H, m), 2.25 (2H, m), 2.46 (3H, s), 2.97-3.07 (2H, m), 3.13 (1H, m), 3.35 (3H, s), 3.68 (1H, m), 4.11 (2H, m), 4.31 (1H, m), 4.55 (2H, m), 7.21 (1H, dd, J=1.7 Hz, 8.6 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.50 (1H, m), 7.90 (1H, s).

LC-MS: [M+H]⁺/Rt (min)=374.4/4.63 (Method A)

Example 145 4-(4-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

To a solution of Reference Example 7 (89 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (0.156 mL) in acetonitrile (4 mL) was added trans-phenyl-4-methoxycyclohexane carbamate (75 mg), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 17 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=40:60-1:100 as the eluting solvent) and then recrystallized (ethyl acetate:hexane) to give Example 145 (61 mg).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.04-1.56 (4H, m), 1.46 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.94-2.41 (8H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.92-3.21 (3H, m), 3.35 (3H, s), 3.59-3.77 (1H, m), 4.02-4.18 (2H, m), 4.29 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 4.37 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.43-4.60 (1H, m), 6.96-7.04 (1H, m), 7.13-7.21 (1H, m), 8.01 (1H, s).

Examples 146 to 303

The compounds in Table 7 were prepared in the same manner as Examples 1, 2, 144 and 145 except that the corresponding starting compounds were used.

TABLE 7

(LC- MS: [M + LC- H]⁺/ MS Rt Meth- Ex. R^(1A) R^(1B) R^(1C) R^(1D) R^(3A) R^(3B) (min)) od 146 OMe H Me H H

357.2/ 1.61 B 147 OMe H Me H H

401.2/ 1.47 B 148 OMe H Me H H

373.2/ 1.15 B 149 OMe H Et H H

421.0/ 2.41 B 150 OMe H Et H H

387.1/ 2.14 B 151 OMe H Et H H c-Hex 385.1/ B 1.83 152 OMe H Et OMe H c-Pen 371.1/ B 1.70 153 OiPr H Et H H c-Hex 413.1/ B 2.37 154 H H Me H H

407/ 1.030 F 155 H H

H H

451/ 1.084 F 156 H H

H H

469/ 1.170 F 157

H Et H H

435/ 1.116 F 158 H Et H H H

385.4/ 4.65 A 159 H Et H H H

421.1/ 4.70 A 160 H c-Pr H H H

397.0/ 4.68 A 161 H c-Pr H H H

403.4/ 4.84 A 162 H H He H H

411/ 1.057 F 163 H H CF₃ H H

424.5/ 4.59 A 164 H H CF₃ H H

431.4/ 471 A 165 H

H H H c-Hex 371.1/ 1.99 B 166 H

H H H

407.1/ 1.93 B 167 H

H H H c-Hex 385.2/ 2.10 B 168 H

Et H H

421.1/ 2.04 B 169 H CF₃ H H H

431.1/ 1.84 B 170 H H Me H H

385/ 1.045 F 171 H H c-Pr H H c-Pen 353/ F 1.101 172 H H c-Pr H H t-Bu 341/ F 1.123 173 H H c-Pr H

353/ 1.215 D 174 H H c-Pr H

355/ 0.962 F 175 H H c-Pr H H

381/ 1.183 F 176 H H c-Pr H H c-Pr 325/ F 0.929 177 H H c-Pr H H

369/ 0.940 F 178 H H CF₃ H H

428/ 1.93 E 179 H H c-Pr H H

411/ 1.131 F 180 H OiPr H H H c-Hex 385.2/ B 2.46 181 H OMe H H H c-Hex 357.1/ B 2.21 182 H OMe H H H

393.1/ 2.15 B 183 H OiPr H H H

421.1/ 2.39 B 184 H OEt H H H

401.2/ 1.95 B 185 H H c-Pr H H c-Bu 339/ F 1.107 186 H H c-Pr H H

411/ 1.014 F 187 H H c-Pr H H

430/ 1.127 F 188 H H c-Pr H

389/ 1.175 D 189 H H c-Pr H H

397.4/ 4.61 A 190 H F H H H

381.1/ 1.58 B 191 H OEt H H H c-Hex 371.1/ B 2.35 192 H OEt H H H

407.2/ 2.28 B 193 H H c-Pr H H

405/ 1.091 F 194 H H c-Pr H H

375/ 1.105 F 195 H H c-Pr H H

443/ 1.221 F 196 H H

H H

440/ 0.714 F 197 H H H c-Pr H

397.3/ 4.55 A 198 H H CN H H

388.3/ 4.16 A 199 H H c-Pr H H c-Hex 367/ F 1.219 200 H H c-Pr H H

339/ 0.981 F 201 H OCHF₂ H H H

429.2/ 2.06 B 202 H OCHF₂ H H H

423.2/ 1.93 B 203 H H c-Pr H H

410/ 0.857 F 204 H H c-Pr H H

397/ 1.022 F 205 H H c-Pr H H

433/ 1.127 F 206 H H c-Pr H H

431/ 1.102 F 207 H H

H H

421.3/ 4.34 A 208 OiPr H Me H H

401/ 1.742 E 209 OCHF₂ H Et H H

423/ 1.694 E 210 H H c-Pr H H

397/ 0.970 F 211 H H c-Pr H H

397/ 1.019 F 212 H H Me H H

371/ 0.950 F 213 H

Me H H

421/ 0.962 F 214 H

Me H H

415/ 0.871 F 215 H

c-Pr H H

447/ 1.046 F 216 H

c-Pr H H

441/ 0.957 F 217 H H c-Pr H H

375/ 1.015 F 218 H H Me H H

349/ 0.949 F 219 H H OCF₃ H H

441/ 1.62 E 220 H H Me H H

385.5/ 4.59 A 221 H H c-Pr H H

411.5/ 4.75 A 222 H F He H H

395/ 1.051 F 223 H F He H H

389/ 0.961 F 224 H H

H H

432/ 1.52 E 225 H Me Me H H

385/ 0.963 F 226 H H OCF₃ H H

444/ 1.96 E 227 H H OCF₃ H H

413/ 1.51 E 228 H H OCF₃ H H

455/ 1.71 E 229 H H OCF₃ H H c-Pen 397/ E 1.75 230 H H

H H

413/ 0.941 F 231 H

H H H

421/ 0.980 F 232 H

Me H H

435/ 1.035 F 233 H

Me H H

429/ 0.944 F 234 H H OEt H H

415/ 1.90 E 235 H H OiPr H H

429/ 1.95 E 236 H H F H H

389/ 1.80 E 237 H H Cl H H

405/ 2.00 E 238 H H Br H H

450/ 2.00 E 239 H H

H H

421/ 1.80 E 240 Et H OMe H H

415/ 1.872 E 241 Et H OMe H H

421/ 1.960 E 242 He H OMe H H

401/ 1.761 E 243 He H OMe H H

407/ 1.863 E 244 Et H OMe H H

387.0/ 0.879 F 245 H H

H H

415.3/ 4.52 A 246 H H

H H

427/ 1.75 E 247 H H

H H

429/ 1.73 E 248 H H

H H

433/ 1.78 E 249 H H

H H

419/ 1.094 F 250 H

H H H

419/ 1.075 F 251 H H

H H

435/ 1.83 E 252 H H

H H

435/ 1.86 E 253 H OMe Me H H

401/ 1.802 E 254 H OMe Me H H

405/ 1.871 E 255 H OMe Et H H

415/ 1.913 E 256 H OMe Et H H

421/ 1.986 E 257 c-Pr H OMe H H

427/ 0.901 F 258 OMe H Me H H c-Hex 371.1/ B 1.75 259

H OMe H H

475/ 0.920 F 260

H OMe H H

469/ 0.849 F 261

H OMe H H

477/ 1.001 F 262

H OMe H H

471/ 0.946 F 263 H OMe c-Pr H H

427/ 0.907 F 264 OMe H OCF₃ H H

443/ 2.05 E 265 OEt H OCF₃ H H

457/ 2.13 E 266 OMe H CF₃ H H

427/ 2.00 E 267 OEt H CF₃ H H

441/ 2.11 E 268 H OMe Me H H

373/ 0.880 F 269 H OEt Me H H

421/ 1.090 F 270 OMe H Me H H

407.2/ 1.67 B 271 H OEt Et H H

435/ 1.259 F 272 H OEt Et H H

429/ 1.101 F 273 H OEt Me H H

387/ 0.970 F 274 H OEt Et H H

401/ 1.017 F 275 H OMe Et H H

387/ 0.917 F 276 H Me c-Pr H H

417/ 1.148 F 277 H Me c-Pr H H

411/ 1.094 F 278 H Me OMe H H

407/ 1.066 F 279 H Me OMe H H

401/ 0.935 F 280 H c-Pr OMe H H

433/ 1.106 F 281 H Me OEt H H

421/ 1.082 F 282 H Me OEt H H

415/ 1.010 F 283 H Me c-Pr H H

383/ 0.975 F 284 H OMe Br H H

472/ 1.056 F 285 H OMe Br H H

466/ 0.976 F 286 H Me Br H H

456/ 1.131 F 287 H Et OMe H H

421/ 1.117 F 288 H Et OMe H H

415/ 0.965 F 289 H Et OMe H H

387/ 0.912 F 290 H H OCHF₂ H H

429/ 1.000 F 291 H H OCHF₂ H H

423/ 0.936 F 292 H H OCHF₂ H H

395/ 0.848 F 293 H Me OCHF₂ H H

437/ 0.967 F 294 H Me OCHF₂ H H

409/ 0.894 F 295 H H Me H H

374/ 1.84 E 296 H H c-Pr H H

400/ 1.98 E 297 H H CF₃ H H

397.2/ 4.62 A 298 H H CF₃ H H

367.2/ 4.82 A 299 H H OCF₃ H H

383.0/ 4.91 A 300 H H OCF₃ H H

413.7/ 4.79 A 301 H H OCF₃ H H

399.7/ 4.67 A 302 H H H H H

399.7/ 4.69 A 303 H OMe c-Pr H H

399/ 0.951 F 304 H OCF₃ H H H

413.0/ 0.971 F 305 H OMe OMe H H

423/ 0.971 F 306 H OMe OMe H H

417/ 0.781 F 307 H Et H H H

388/ 1.925 E 308 H H CD₃ H H

377/ 1.808 E 309 OCD₃ H CF₃ H H

430/ 1.992 E 310 OCD₃ H CF₃ H H

464/ 2.150 E 311 H H CD₃ H H

380/ 1.850 E 312 H H CD₃ H H

380/ 1.815 E 313 H H CD₃ H H

380/ 1.850 E 314 H H CD₃ H H

388/ 1.867 E 315 H H CD₃ H H c-Pen 330/ E 1.858 316

H Me H H

458/ 1.942 E 317 H OMe CF₃ H H

455/ 0.867 F 318 H OMe Et H H

418/ 1.942 E 319 H H OCD₃ H H

396/ 0.988 F 320 H H OCD₃ H H

396/ 0.960 F 321 H H OCD₃ H H

396/ 0.948 F 322 H H Oc-Pr H H

416/ 0.948 F 323 H OCD₃ c-Pr H H

402/ 0.943 F 324 H H OCD₃ H H c-Hex 360/ 0.976 F 325 H H Et H H

388/ 1.942 E 326 H H OCHF₂ H H

426/ 1.692 E

Test Example

Hereinafter, pharmacological test results of the representative compounds of the present invention are demonstrated and pharmacological actions of such compounds are explained, but the present invention should not be limited thereto.

Test Example 1 Evaluation of PAM Activity with Human α7 nACh Receptor Stably Expressing Cells

(1) Human α7 nAChR Stably Expressing Cells

Human α7 nAChR stably expressing cells were generated and cultured. In detail, GH4C1 cells derived from rat pituitary (cat#CCL-82.2, ATCC, USA) were used as a host cell. PcDNA3.1Zeo vector containing a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein GenBank BAC81731 and pcDNA3.1 vector containing human α7 nAChR gene (cat#V790-20, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) were transfected to the cells to give aequorins and human α7 nAChR stably expressing cells respectively. The aequorins and human α7 nAChR stably expressing cells were screened with Zeocin (cat#R25001, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) and Geneticin (cat#10131-027, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) respectively.

The cells were cultured in F-10 Nutrient Mixture (Ham) medium (cat#11550-043, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) containing 2.5% fetal bovine serum (cat#2917354, ICN Biomedicals, Inc, USA), 15% inactivated horse serum (cat#26050-088, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA), 1 μg/mL Geneticin, and 5 μg/mL Puromycin (cat#14861-84, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA), in a Collagen Type 1-coated dish (cat#4030-010, iwaki, Tokyo, Japan). During the culture, the medium was replaced with fresh medium in every 2 to 3 days, and the cells were treated with TrypLE Express (cat#45604-021, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) to collect them in every 7 days. Thus, the cells were subcultured.

7 Days after subculturing, the cells were treated with TrypLE Express to collect them when they were about 80% confluent. The cells were suspended in a reaction medium containing Hanks (cat#14065-056, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA)/20 mmol/L Hepes (cat#15630-080, invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA), Buffer (pH 7.4), F-10 Nutrient Mixture (Ham), and 0.1 mg/mL Geneticin, and the suspension was seeded in a 384-well plate (cat#781090, Greiner, Germany) at 20000 cells/25 μL per well.

On the next day after seeding, Viviren (cat#E649X, Promega, Madison, Wis., USA) was added to the medium so that the final concentration could be 4 μmol/L (15 μL/well). The plates were centrifuged and then placed in the dark for 4 hours at room temperature.

(2) Preparation of the Test Samples

Each of the test compounds was dissolved in DMSO to prepare each test sample at a concentration of 1000-fold the final concentration. To the solution was added Hanks/20 mM HEPES/0.2% BSA (cat#A3803, Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA), and the concentration was adjusted to 6-fold the final concentration.

(3) Evaluation of PAM Activity

FDSS7000 (Hamamatsu Photonics) was used to detect the luminescence signal evoked by α7 nAChR stimulation. The cells and a luminescent substrate were put on a plate, and the test sample was added thereto. After 150 seconds, ACh whose concentration shows 20% (EC₂₀) of the maximal signal was added thereto. After the addition of ACh, the luminescence signal (the central wavelength: 465 nm) was measured for 138 seconds to calculate RLU (Max-Min). The ratio of the RLU (Max-Min) of the test-compound-containing wells to that of the control wells was defined as PAM activity. Table 8 shows α7 PAM activity data of the representative compounds in the present invention.

TABLE 8 α7PAM (%) @ Ex. 10 μmol/L 1 1209 2 625 3 512 4 2344 5 1368 6 285 7 1044 8 3053 9 332 10 355 11 221 12 231 13 3399 14 728 15 1025 16 1764 17 2469 18 6779 19 306 20 2215 21 523 22 1425 23 6196 24 745 25 253 26 521 27 1673 28 340 29 206 30 908 31 1191 32 430 33 430 34 445 35 411 36 897 37 481 38 1101 39 1892 40 3205 41 3749 42 241 43 528 44 322 45 1576 46 544 47 375 48 1202 49 429 50 219 51 295 52 366 53 309 54 657 55 603 56 676 57 382 58 577 59 433 60 846 61 1092 62 653 63 358 64 1133 65 385 66 466 67 436 68 430 69 242 70 719 71 763 72 158 73 453 74 1226 75 621 76 420 77 1780 78 987 79 1064 80 1033 81 819 82 888 83 420 84 179 85 1081 86 1481 87 514 88 1063 89 1506 90 1467 91 217 92 356 93 934 94 154 95 133 96 143 97 117 98 89 99 755 100 198 101 338 102 228 103 281 104 190 105 338 106 164 107 159 108 207 109 267 110 291 111 410 112 265 113 654 114 189 115 182 116 279 117 209 118 188 119 2154 120 654 121 1601 122 410 123 1445 124 1230 125 119 126 118 127 806 128 429 129 325 130 252 131 107 132 361 133 568 134 237 135 310 136 327 137 328 138 642 139 1018 140 265 141 448 142 238 143 574 144 637 145 804 146 513 147 181 148 412 149 1053 150 643 151 746 152 707 153 386 154 811 155 210 156 358 157 366 158 292 159 187 160 207 161 567 162 1874 163 318 164 979 165 442 166 711 167 434 168 737 169 359 170 1413 171 1382 172 541 173 263 174 186 175 223 176 187 177 712 178 524 179 788 180 274 181 538 182 742 183 342 184 200 185 494 186 389 187 220 188 231 189 257 190 256 191 493 192 699 193 889 194 278 195 232 196 229 197 184 198 268 199 1497 200 471 201 370 202 195 203 271 204 193 205 1187 206 196 207 335 208 328 209 266 210 209 211 1034 212 1184 213 800 214 207 215 851 216 271 217 517 218 648 219 238 220 2160 221 1942 222 638 223 257 224 286 225 480 226 594 227 768 228 276 229 689 230 621 231 647 232 860 233 307 234 824 235 611 236 331 237 832 238 1031 239 485 240 833 241 358 242 901 243 842 244 324 245 182 246 364 247 353 248 851 249 1463 250 1215 251 868 252 364 253 563 254 1238 255 1096 256 1668 257 801 258 941 259 309 260 428 261 924 262 348 263 749 264 263 265 181 266 448 267 292 268 361 269 835 270 364 271 931 272 442 273 341 274 618 275 1093 276 1351 277 729 278 861 279 185 280 299 281 197 282 215 283 845 284 1109 285 293 286 825 287 645 288 218 289 255 290 1173 291 1433 292 413 293 525 294 523 295 1143 296 1268 297 340 298 315 299 302 300 376 301 246 302 389 303 1058 304 380 305 729 306 147 307 464 308 1021 309 406 310 134 311 1393 312 1220 313 1433 314 949 315 825 316 807 317 360 318 1084 319 1337 320 1315 321 994 322 639 323 886 324 1352 325 997 326 1251

Table 8 demonstrates that the present compounds have PAM activity for α7 nAChR according to the evaluation test of PAM activity. In particular, the compounds of Examples 4, 8, 13, 17, 18, 20, 23, 40, 41, 119 and 220 show a stronger PAM activity than others.

Test Example 2 hERG Inhibition Test

The hERG (human ether-a-go-go) potassium current in CHO cells which stably express hERG gene was recorded by whole-cell patch clamping technique using an automated patch clamp system, QPatch HT (Sophion Bioscience A/S). Inducing the hERG current, the membrane potential was held at −80 mV in voltage clamp mode, and then depolarized to −50 mV for 20 msec and then+20 mV for 5 sec. Then, the membrane potential was repolarized to −50 mV for 5 sec and the tail current amplitude was measured. The stimulation was given at a frequency of every 15 seconds, and the experiment was carried out at room temperature (22±2° C.). The compound was cumulatively administered to each cell in 4 concentrations, wherein the administration was done over 5 minutes in each concentration. The inhibition percentage of the inhibited current was calculated by comparing the current intensities before and after the compound was given in each concentration. According to Hill equation, each 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated (IC₅₀ [μmol/L]). The test solutions used herein were as follows: extracellular solution (mmol/L): 2 CaCl₂, 1 MgCl₂, 10 HEPES, 4 KCl, 145 NaCl, 10 glucose,

intracellular solution (mmol/L): 5.4 CaCl₂, 1.8 MgCl₂, 10 HEPES, 31 KOH, 10 EGTA, 120 KCl, 4 ATP

The compounds in the Examples were tested according to Test Example 2 (hERG inhibition test), and the test results thereof are shown below.

TABLE 9 IC₅₀ Ex. (μM) 1 84.3 63 >10 74 13.2 258 47.3

Test Example 3 Reactive Metabolites Test

Among metabolites generated in liver microsomes from the present compound, those which react with dansyl glutathione (dGSH) were detected and quantified. The concentration of the binding compound of metabolite and dansyl glutathione was measured with a UPLC fluorescence detection system (UPLC manufactured by Waters Corporation).

The compounds of the Examples were tested according to Test Example 3 (reactive metabolites test), and the test results thereof are shown below.

TABLE 10 IC₅₀ IC₅₀ IC₅₀ IC₅₀ Ex. (μM) Ex. (μM) Ex. (μM) Ex. (μM) 1 n.d. 63 n.d. 74 n.d. 163 n.d. 227 n.d. 258 n.d. n.d. = no detection of reactive metabolites

Test Example 4 Rat PK Test

The present compound was administered intravenously in saline solution or orally in methylcellulose solution to 7 weeks old rats, and their blood was collected according to the following schedule:

(intravenous administration) 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after the administration (oral administration) 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after the administration

The collected blood was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes in a refrigerated centrifuge set at 4° C. The obtained plasma was measured with a HPLC to give a time curve of plasma level, thereby calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters.

The test herein demonstrated that the present compounds have excellent pharmacokinetics. For example, the compounds in Examples 1, 163 and 227 have a bioavailability of 41%, 41% and 69% respectively.

Test Example 5 Measurement of Protein Binding Ratio

The protein-binding ratio of the present compounds in serum was measured by an equilibrium dialysis method using 96-well Equilibrium Dialyzer MW10K (HARVARD APPARATUS). The human serum used herein was frozen human serum pools (Cosmo Bio, No. 12181201), and the buffer used herein was PBS pH 7.4 (GIBCO, No. 10010-0231).

The test herein demonstrated that the present compounds have a low protein-binding ratio. For example, the compound in Example 1 had a protein binding ratio of 84.7% in the plasma, and that of 91.9% in the brain.

Test Example 6 Measurement of Brain Penetration

The plasma and brain homogenates were deproteinized with methanol and then centrifuged. The supernatant was filtered, and the obtained sample was quantified with LC-MS/MS to calculate the concentration of the plasma and brain.

The test herein demonstrated that the present compounds have an excellent brain-penetration. For example, the concentration ratio of the brain to the plasma was 1.27, 2.01, 1.92 and 1.55 in the compounds of Examples 1, 163, 227 and 258 respectively.

Test Example 7 Evaluation of Cognitive Function with Mice In Novel Object Recognition Test (Hereinafter, Referred to as “mORT”)

Slc: ddY mice (25 g to 30 g, male, Japan SLC) can be used in the novel object recognition test wherein the interval between the 1^(st) trial (training) and the 2^(nd) trial (test) correlates with the memory loss for the objects used in the 1^(st) trial, and a significant memory-loss is observed when the 2^(nd) trial is performed 24 hours after the 1^(st) trial. According to the test mechanism, the present compounds were administered prior to the 1^(st) trial, and the enhancement effect on memory in the 2^(nd) trial was evaluated.

The test herein demonstrated that the present compounds can exhibit effects of improving cognitive function even with an extremely low dose in a continuous manner. For example, the compound in Example 1 had a minimum effective dose of 0.1 mg/kg, and the efficacy did not decrease at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg. The compound in Example 74 had a minimum effective dose of 0.1 mg/kg, and the efficacy did not decrease at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg. Furthermore, the compounds in Example 63 and 66 showed the efficacy at doses of 3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg respectively.

Test Example 8 Evaluation on Improvement Against Cognitive Impairment with Rats in Y-Shaped Maze Test (Hereinafter, Referred to as “Y-Maze Test”)

In Y-maze test, 0.6 mg/kg scopolamine HBr (cat#S0929, Sigma Aldrich, Japan) can be subcutaneously administered to Slc: Wistar rats (280 g to 300 g, male, Japan SLC) to cause cognitive impairment and decrease the percentage of alternation behavior. According to the test mechanism, the present compounds were treated prior to the administration of scopolamine, and the improvement effect on cognitive impairment was evaluated.

The test herein demonstrated that the present compounds can exhibit effects of improving cognitive function even with an extremely low dose in a continuous manner. For example, the compound in Example 1 significantly improved cognitive function from a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. The compound in Example 74 significantly improved cognitive function from a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. The compound in Example 63 showed a tendency to improve cognitive function from a dose of 0.3 mg/kg.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As explained above, the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has potent modulatory-effects on the activity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), and is thus useful for treating, for example, diseases associated with cholinergic properties in the central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases associated with smooth muscle contraction, endocrine disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, diseases such as inflammation and pain, and diseases associated with withdrawal symptoms caused by addictive drug abuse. 

1.-23. (canceled)
 24. A compound selected from the group consisting of: N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide; and 4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 25. The compound of claim 24, wherein the compound is N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 26. The compound of claim 26, wherein the compound is 4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 27. A method for treating CIAS (cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of: N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide; and 4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the compound is N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-4-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the compound is 4-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)-N-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 